Simulation of Flexible Fibers in Stokes Flow

نویسنده

  • Anna-Karin Tornberg
چکیده

When elastic fibers are immersed in a Newtonian fluid, the behavior of the system, or the “fiber suspension” becomes non-Newtonian. Understanding the dynamics of such systems is of particular interest in a wide variety of fields, including locomotion of microorganisms, paper and pulp industry, microfluidics etc. When these fibers are immersed in the fluid at low Reynolds number, the elastic equation for the fibers couples to the Stokes equations, which greatly increases the computational complexity of the problem. In this thesis we have simulated the buckling of a single fiber suspended in a shear flow at low Reynolds number using two different numerical approaches. One method is based on a local slender body approximation and the other is based on a regularized Boundary Integral method known as the Regularized Stokeslet method. The fibers are considered to be elastic and inextensible. The bending and tensile forces are modeled by Euler-Bernoulli theory. The fibers are supposed to be inextensibile, and the tensile forces or “line tension”, should resist any extension or compression of the fiber. A semi-implicit time-stepping is used for the discretization. The regularization parameter in the Regularized Stokeslet method is very sensitive to change and affects the numerical treatment of this method. Whereas, the Local Drag model shows second order convergence and provides a flexible formulation, however neglecting global effects. We have extended the Local Drag model to simulate naturally bent fibers based on the target or resting curvature of the fibers. Microorganisms possess fiber-like organs known as the appendages and swim by flapping these organs. We have also simulated swimming motion of a simple microorganism model by imposing a time dependent resting curvature of these fibers. Referat Simulering av flexibla fibrer i Stokesflöde När elastiska fibrerna läggs i en Newtonsk vätska, beteende av systemet, eller fiber upphängning blir de ickenewtonska. Förståelse av dynamiken i sådana system är av särskilt intresse in en mängd olika områden, bland annat förflyttning av mikroorganismer, papper och trämassaindustrin, “microfluidics” etc. När dessa fibrer är nedsänkta i vätskan vid låga Reynolds tal, förenas den elastiska ekvation för fibrer med Stokes ekvationer, som kraftigt ökar komplexitet i databeräkningsproblem. I denna avhandling har vi simulerat böckling av en fiber som är upphängd i en skjuva flöde vid låga Reynolds tal med hjälp av två olika numeriska metoder. Det förta metoden är baserad på en lokal smal kropp tillnärmning och den andra metoden är baserad på en “regularized Boundary Integral” som kallas den “Regularized Stokeslet” metod. Fibrerna anses vara elastisk och osträckbar. Spänning och dragkrafter modelleras med Euler-Bernoullis teori. Fibrerna borde vara osträckbara och spänningskrafter bör motstå varje utvidgning eller komprimering av fiber. Det semi implicita tid stegning används för diskretisering. Den regleringsparametern i “Regularized Stokeslet” metod är mycket känslig till förändringar och påverkar den numeriska behandlingen av denna metod. Medan den lokala drag modellen visar andra ordningens konvergens och ger en flexibel formulering, men den försummar globala effekter. Vi har utökat den lokala dragmodellen för att simulera naturligt spända fibrer baserad på målet eller på “resting curvature” av fibrer. Mikroorganismer har fiber liknande organ som kallas bihang och simma genom att klappa dessa organ. Vi har också simulerat simningsrörelse av en enkel mikroorganismsmodell genom att införa ett tidsberoende “resting curvature” av dessa fibrer.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010